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A recent master's thesis conducted in Yemen's Ibb Governorate revealed the geographic distribution of kidney failure patients across the governorate's districts, shedding light on the factors influencing the disease's spread and the key challenges patients face. The study, titled "Geographical Analysis of Kidney Failure Patients in Ibb Governorate Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)", was carried out at Ibb University by researcher Abdullah Mohammed Qasim.

The study relied on advanced analytical tools, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and Microsoft Excel. The researcher used maps and graphs to analyze the spatial and temporal data of the disease. Additionally, the study involved interviews and surveys with 193 chronic kidney failure patients and consultations with doctors and specialists.

The results highlighted a significant rise in kidney failure cases over the past two decades. While there were only 41 cases in 2000, the number surged sharply to 306 by 2022. The findings also revealed disparities in the disease's prevalence across the governorate's districts, with the Dhī as-Sufāl district recording the highest prevalence rate at 12.5%. In comparison, the Al-Sha'ar district had the lowest rate at 0.3%.

The study demonstrated a clear relationship between kidney failure, educational level, and income. Furthermore, it showed that the prevalence rate among males (57.5%) was higher than that of females (42.5%). A chi-square analysis confirmed that age plays a crucial role, with 55.5% of patients aged 40 and older.

Among the key factors contributing to the spread of the disease were unhealthy behaviours and habits such as smoking, drinking carbonated beverages, consuming expired and processed foods, as well as chewing qat and taking medications without prescriptions. The study also highlighted significant challenges for rural residents in accessing healthcare services due to rugged terrain and poor infrastructure.

Recommendations to Enhance Awareness and Improve Health Services

The study proposed several recommendations to curb the spread of kidney failure and improve patient conditions, including:

• Raising community awareness about the harms of unhealthy habits and behaviours through various media platforms.
• Enhancing healthcare services in affected areas, including organizing regular free screening days.
• Providing psychological and social support to patients and their families.
• Allocating a monthly stipend for patients through the Ministry of Endowments and Zakat Authority to help cover treatment and transportation costs.

This study underscores the importance of employing geographic analysis and GIS to understand disease distribution and its influencing factors. These technologies contribute to better comprehension of health patterns, improved health planning, and more efficient prevention and treatment efforts.

Undoubtedly, this study represents a significant step toward improving healthcare services in Ibb Governorate. It highlights the need for collaboration among stakeholders to alleviate patient suffering and support them in leading better lives.